Research from the National Fire Protection Association revealed that the total estimated direct property damage from fires in 2022 was around $15 billion. This includes damage to residential, commercial, and industrial properties. This staggering figure highlights the need for fire measures in buildings.
That’s where fire-rated access doors come in. In this article, let’s explore the purpose of fire-rated access doors, the different types available, installation requirements, and their significant benefits.
What Are Fire-Rated Access Doors?
Fire-rated access doors are architectural features installed on walls or ceilings with the same fire rating. These specialized doors slow the spread of fire and smoke for a specified period. They serve as barriers, providing valuable time for safe evacuation and easier navigation for firefighters.
These access doors are constructed with robust materials and incorporate advanced features to ensure their effectiveness.
Key components of fire-rated access doors include:
- Door Frame: It consists of a robust steel structure that provides structural support and acts as a barrier against fire.
- Door Leaf: This is the main part of the door. It is typically made of steel and often incorporates insulation materials.
- Gasket: The gasket fills the gaps between the door leaf and the frame. It helps prevent smoke and fire from passing through these spaces for a limited duration.
- Hardware: This category includes fire-rated hinges, locks, and handles that withstand high temperatures and maintain functionality during a fire.
Types of Fire-Rated Access Doors
Fire-rated access doors and panels come in various types, each addressing different needs and installation requirements. Here are some common types:
Fire-Rated General Purpose Access Doors
These are the most versatile types of fire-rated access doors, suitable for a wide range of applications. They are typically used to access mechanical rooms, electrical closets, and other areas requiring frequent access.
Fire-Rated Flush Access Doors
With their smooth, level surface, fire-rated flush access doors are ideal for areas where aesthetics are important. They are often used in commercial buildings, such as offices and retail spaces.
Fire-Rated Recessed Access Doors
These doors are installed in a recessed opening, creating a flush surface with the wall or ceiling. Healthcare facilities and environments that require a completely flush appearance tend to choose this discreet solution.
Fire-Rated Security Access Doors
Aside from containing fire for a certain duration, protection against unauthorized access is another focus of fire-rated security access doors. They have additional security features like locks, reinforced frames, and heavy-duty hinges. High-security areas like prisons, banks, and government buildings favor these access doors.
Benefits of Fire-Rated Access Doors
Fire-rated access doors offer numerous benefits, making them a worthwhile investment for any building. Here are just a few of them:
Reducing Property Damage
Containing the spread of fire and smoke—even for a few minutes or hours—can help minimize property damage. With a fire-rated access door acting as a barrier, firefighters have a smoke-free vision of the area. They can find the source of the fire and address it quickly. This containment can help reduce the extent of damage to the structure and its contents.
Complying With Building Codes
Building codes and regulations often require fire-rated access doors. These codes are designed to ensure structures meet specific standards. Adhering to these requirements helps building owners and managers avoid potential issues and costly penalties. Additionally, this practice demonstrates a commitment to responsible building management.
Improving Insurance Rates
Installing fire-rated access doors can lead to more favorable insurance terms for building owners. Insurance companies often view these doors as a proactive measure that mitigates potential risks.
As a result, they may offer more advantageous rates to buildings equipped with properly installed and maintained fire-rated access doors, reflecting a reduced likelihood of extensive claims.
Installation Standards for Fire-Rated Access Doors
The proper installation of access doors and panels is important to ensure their effectiveness. Here are some essential requirements:
- Compliance With Building Codes and Regulations: Fire-rated access doors must be installed following local building codes and regulations. This includes requirements for door size, type, location, and labeling.
- Proper Framing and Support: Securely anchor the door frame to the building structure and provide adequate support. It should also be constructed of fire-resistant materials.
- Correct Hardware and Accessories: All hardware and accessories used with fire-rated access doors, such as hinges, latches, and closers, must be approved for fire-rated applications. These components should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Following these installation standards ensures that the fire-rated access doors function properly and provide the intended level of protection.
Wrapping It Up
Fire-rated access doors are important components of any residential, commercial, or industrial building. These specialized doors delay the spread of flames and smoke, facilitate safe evacuation, and aid emergency response efforts.
Investing in fire-rated access doors is a wise decision that prioritizes the building’s integrity and provides valuable time for occupants to escape risky situations. As building codes like NFPA 80 continue to evolve, staying informed and ensuring a building has the necessary measures against fire is essential.
